This retrospective study enrolled 10 pediatric patients who tested positive for anti-NMDAR and MOG antibodies (MNOS group), 81 anti-NMDAR antibody (+)/MOG antibody (−) pediatric patients (anti-NMDAR encephalitis group), and 50 MOG antibody (+)/anti-NMDAR antibody (−) pediatric patients (MOG-AD group) for analysis and comparison. The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is Alzheimer disease.