In the mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion lung injury, the anti-apoptotic miR-21-5p in MSC-derived EVs was transported to alveolar macrophages, contributing to macrophage reprogramming toward M2 macrophages via phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) [79]. Here, PDCD4 is linked to ischemia.