HMGB1 and disease of the tendon: HIF-1α has been implicated in the regulation of alarmins such as S100A9, HMGB1, and IL-33 in inflammatory disorders. As a result, it is possible that HIF-1α may also play a similar role in the tendon tissue. Further investigation is necessary to determine the specific contributions of S100A9, HMGB1, and IL-33 to inflammation in tendon diseases, as well as their potential to aid in tendon healing.