In similar manner, the triterpenoid toosendanin (extracted from Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc) was found to also reduce M1-type macrophages activation, mainly via inflammasome inhibition (by targeting NLRP3), which resulted in diminished production of inflammatory cytokines, but also upregulating Nfr-2 and HO-1 expression in both the macrophages and colon tissue of C57BL/6 mice stimulated with DSS-induced colitis [185]. Here, NLRP3 is linked to colitis.