HCAR2 and neoplasm: To investigate the potential direct target genes of STAT3 in HNSCC cells induced by WNT7A, we used CiiiDER227 to predict transcription factor binding sites (Fig. S6A) and selected SERPINB3,28 SERPINB4,29 STAT4,30 HCAR2, and BIRC331,32 for further verification, as these genes are related to tumor proliferation, self-renewal, and apoptosis based on GO analysis.