These results are consistent with previous studies that identified up to seven different cytb alleles of P. odocoilei clade 2 in the white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) in North America(Guggisberg et al., 2018; Martinsen et al., 2016) and consistent with a monophyletic grouping of all ungulate malaria parasites (Templeton et al., 2016a). This evidence concerns the gene MT-CYB and malaria.