We identified 9 genes whose increased expression was significantly associated with tumor size in female LC patients of which four code for MAPK signaling molecules (DUSP4, FGL1, TXNRD1, PLA2G4E), three for oncogenes (KRT16, STRIP2 and TNS4), tumor suppressor cystatin 5, and NQO1(Fig. 6b). Here, NQO1 is linked to neoplasm.