Remarkably, female smokers are at a higher risk of developing LC (Stapelfeld et al. 2020), and such sex disparities may arise from deficient DNA repair, i.e., females have more DNA adducts per pack-year when compared to males while the expression of CYP1A1 is increased among female LC patients (Mollerup et al. 1999). The gene discussed is CYP1A1; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.