Other studies [18, 30, 55] have unveiled that OVA stimulates airway epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells to initiate inflammatory signal pathways such as MAPKs and NF-κB and induce various inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6, leading to a series of destructive pathological changes in airway epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells, as well as the exacerbation of asthma. Here, TNF is linked to asthma.