Interestingly, CD4 CXCL13+ showed the highest expression levels of PDCD1 among the CD4+ T subtypes (Fig. 5E), hinting that the predictive value of CD4 CXCL13+ in GOLP treatment for iCCA might be partially explained by the inhibition of PDCD1 by anti-PD1 antibody. Here, CXCL13 is linked to infantile convulsions and choreoathetosis.