Activation of TGR5, one of the important receptors of BA, has been shown to be beneficial for improving T2DM (Du et al. 2022), with significantly reduced blood glucose levels in T2DM patients treated with high-dose TGR5 agonist sdb-756050 (Hodge and Nunez 2016). Here, GPBAR1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.