IL6 and atherosclerosis: Recent studies have shown that TMAO increased inflammatory factors such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and induced CD36 expression, thus aggravating atherosclerosis, while MAPK/JNK inhibitors could reduce TMAO-induced CD36 expression (Catar et al. 2022; Geng et al. 2018; Huang et al. 2022a).