For example, lymphocytes-expressing Bcl-2 and CCR4 are indicative of anti-HMGCR+ IMNM [3], and DM skeletal muscle biopsies have upregulated interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene signatures, indicating a role for type 1 IFNs in DM pathogenesis [4, 5]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and dermatomyositis.