The immunofluorescent staining results showed that compared to C-MitoCtrl, C-MitoHF exacerbated endothelial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (Fig. 6A–C) and IL-1β (Fig. 6D–F) in the SFO of HF mice, which could be attenuated by cGAS KD. Here, TNF is linked to hydrops fetalis.