TNF and coronary artery disorder: In addition, we also analyzed whether H. pylori infection contributed to the occurrence of CHD through inflammatory mechanisms and found no causal relationships between H. pylori infection and IL-4 (β, − 0.066; 95% CI − 0.258 to 0.125; p-value = 0.497), IL-6 (β, − 0.041; 95% CI − 0.117 to 0.035; p-value = 0.294), IL-8 (β, 0.017; 95% CI − 0.055 to 0.088; p-value = 0.645), IL-10 (β, − 0.079; 95% CI − 0.276 to 0.117; p-value = 0.429), IL-18 (β, 0.022; 95% CI − 0.041 to 0.086; p-value = 0.493) or TNF-α (β, 0.020; 95% CI − 0.275 to 0.316; p-value = 0.893).