This included several alarmins (interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33), cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL11, CCL2, CCL3, CCL8) and chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR4, CCR5) (Supplementary Table 1), which are involved in pro-inflammatory immune pathways and have been selected as potential drug targets for the treatment of asthma or COPD42,43. Here, IL13 is linked to asthma.