For circulating lymphocyte subpopulations, early-onset gout differed significantly from HCs with respect to the absolute counts of total T (p = 0.002), total B (p < 0.001), NK (p = 0.002), CD4+T (p < 0.001) and CD8+T cells (p = 0.009), while late-onset gout differed significantly from the HCs in the absolute counts of NK cells (p = 0.002) (Fig. 3A–E; Supplementary Table S1). Here, CD8A is linked to gout.