TNF and stroke disorder: We and others have previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α (IL1α), and complement component 1q (C1q), together “TIC,” are released by microglia in the peri-infarct region following stroke, and are required and sufficient to transform astrocytes into a neurotoxic substate (Hu et al., 2012; Liddelow et al., 2017).