Bilirubin, a byproduct of normal Hb breakdown that plays an important physiologic role as a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule through efficiently scavenging of peroxyl radicals and suppression of oxidation, inhibiting platelets, and regulating immunity (57), has been demonstrated to be involved in the development and progression of DKD (58). Here, GSTM1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.