In a recent publication [22], we investigated the Arf1-downregulation-induced neurodegenerative pathway in human diseases and found that the protein levels of Arf1, NeuN and myelination-related proteins were significantly reduced, while the protein levels of IBA1, GFAP, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, activated caspase-1 (p20) and C3 were significantly increased, in brain and spinal cord tissues of ALS and MS patients compared to control persons, suggesting that the Arf1-reduction-induced neuroinflammation pathway might be responsible for some NDs in humans. Here, AIF1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.