Wild type mice acutely infected with T. cruzi had COX-2 expressing CD11b+ cells that infiltrate cardiac tissue, whereas mice deficient in COX-2 signaling had reduced cardiac infiltration of macrophages and DC, as well as reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFNγ, and TNFα compared to wild type mice, demonstrating a key role for COX-2 signaling in T. cruzi-induced myocarditis mediated by CD11b+ cells (Guerrero et al., 2015). Here, TNF is linked to myocarditis.