These novel immuno- and targeted therapies include the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) pembrolizumab and the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mAb cetuximab, which are now, respectively, first- and second-line therapy for the treatment of recurrent/metastatic (R/M) HNSCC[2-4]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.