MTR and malaria: Although malaria parasites possess a mechanism for the efflux of Hcy (Beri et al., 2017), lack of MS function may lead to increased levels of Hcy and redox stress, which may be important for sporogonic development in the mosquito vector when Plasmodium is more dependent on glutathione (Vega-Rodríguez et al., 2009) and α-lipoic acid (Biddau et al., 2021) to mitigate oxidative stress.