NFKB1 and chronic prostatitis: Moreover, there were several studies also proved that signaling pathways related to regulating inflammation and apoptosis, especially for the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways, possessed a prominent correlation with the onset and prognosis of chronic prostatitis (Feng, Dong et al., 2021; Wang, Li et al., 2023; Yang, Zhang et al., 2023).