Beside the morphological analysis, the decreased reactive phenotype of ACC microglia in ADHD-like conditions is also characterized in our study by the decreased expression of i) the microglia-specific marker Iba1, and ii) the IL16 and TNF-α cytokines that are mostly released by microglial cells (Borst et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.