Among them, SYCE2, SYP, BDNF, ALPP, GRIN3A, EYA2, NGFR, FOXM1, SALL4, SERPINE1, TRIP6, MAPK10, LIMK1, EEPD1, FHL1, PBX1, MYT1, PBK, HMGA2, MAD2L1, CDC25C, STMN2, and IGF1 were identified as candidate genes significantly associated with the OS of COAD patients (Fig. 1B). Here, IGF1 is linked to colon adenocarcinoma.