GSDME and colitis: For example, cytokines released from GSDME-mediated pyroptotic intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in Crohn’s disease aggravate colitis [14]; liver injury caused by bile acid accumulation is associated with GSDME-mediated pyroptosis [15]; GSDME is also involved in pneumonia symptoms caused by viruses such as H7N9 and COVID-19 [16].