CCL2 and endothelial dysfunction: Neuronal damage leading to DPN is associated with diabetes-induced changes in SCs that jeopardize the production and release of neuronal support factors and lead to the accumulation of neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory factors, such as (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, CCL2, LIF, and CXCL2, contributing to the endothelial dysfunction, axonal degeneration, and neuronal damage underlying DPN [119, 122, 123].