In animal experiments, Akkermansia stimulates host cells to produce specific bioactive lipids, stimulate GLP1 and GLP2 secretion, and activates inflammatory pathway and fatty acid oxidation (Cekanaviciute et al., 2017); However, a recent human study revealed that the gut microbiota of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibited significantly high levels of five bacterial genera, including Akkermansia, indicating that Akkermansia is an important pathogen associated with CKD progression and may be the key gut microbe causing CKD progression. Here, GCG is linked to chronic kidney disease.