Studies on GDM mouse models have found that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) can promote insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells by activating STAT5, while IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-33 inhibit insulin secretion by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, contributing to the development of the disease (78). The gene discussed is STAT5A; the disease is gestational diabetes.