TRIB3 and lung carcinoma: According to the independent prognostic analysis, age, grade, and TRIB3 jointly serve as independent prognostic factors for HNSC patients, consistent with previous discoveries in lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, all suggesting that TRIB3 acts as an oncogene involved in the progression of malignant tumors, causing poorer prognosis (13, 14, 35).