Taken together, these studies should provide robust data to guide clinical implementation, including the development of therapeutic alternatives (i.e., LNPs with different chemistry, a closed form of spike not prone to ACE2 binding [252], non-spike targeting vaccines [253], platforms such as COH04S1 [254] with high tolerability and immunogenicity in immunosuppressed individuals, non-pharmacological interventions [255], etc.), for those who do not benefit from active COVID-19 vaccination (and those who are allergic to some of the vaccine components). The gene discussed is ACE2; the disease is COVID-19.