TP53 and cancer: Most importantly, LNPs, which are a vital component of the mRNA vaccines, preferentially accumulate in tumor tissue over healthy tissue due to the EPR effect [175-178]. Based on these findings, it is essential to decipher the range, detailed role, and biological consequences of the potential interactions between S2 and tumor suppressor proteins (i.e., p53 and BRCA1/2) in COVID-19 patients and vaccinees, particularly if these interactions confer a selective advantage (i.e., promotion of cancer cell survival, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance) to cancer and/or precancerous cells.