In agreement with several previous studies that have demonstrated the role of saroglitazar as dual PPAR-α/γ agonists in regulating the expression of PPARγ and PPARα (22-25), the results of this study also showed that treatment with saroglitazar and diosmin leads to a significant increase and decrease of PPARγ and PPARα expression, respectively, in the HF group. Here, PPARG is linked to hydrops fetalis.