Similarly, Shobaki et al. developed LNPs loaded with siRNAs targeting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), promoting macrophage infiltration and polarization to a proinflammatory M1 phenotype in a xenografted human renal cell carcinoma model (Shobaki et al., 2020). Here, STAT3 is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.