Both CLCN3 and CLCN4 have similar functions to CLCN5; however, these genes are associated with neural defects such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, and synaptic neural function more so than kidney dysfunction.40,41 Because DD1 affects the kidney, we have focused our investigation on ClC-c, which is highly expressed in the MT (Fly Cell Atlas scRNA-seq). Here, CLCN5 is linked to epilepsy.