The results revealed several significantly enriched canonical signaling pathways, some known to regulate the meningitic E. coli invasion of the BBB (e.g., bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, pathogenic E. coli infection, endocytosis, PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton), the permeability of the BBB (e.g., gap junction, adherens junction, TJ, and VEGF-, and HIF-signaling pathways), and neuroinflammation (e.g., MAPK- and ERBB-signaling pathways) (Fig. 3B). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and escherichia coli infection.