Secondly, CD28 and CD40LG are two essential stimulatory molecules expressed on the surface of T cells [20, 21]; aberrant overexpression or activation of them contribute to many types of T-cell malignancies including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and T-cell lymphomas [22–28]. Here, CD40LG is linked to T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.