Overall, these results suggested that high levels of the systemic Th1 cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, and Th2 cytokines such as IL-5, IL-4, and IL-10 preexisting in patients with NSCLC could be good indicators of objective clinical responses to PD-1 blockade. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.