SCAF11 and bacterial infectious disease: As these experiments utilized delivery of purified LPS into the cytosol, we infected Casp11WT-mCherry- and Casp11C254A-mCherry-expresssing BMDMs with an intracellular Gram-negative pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, which is known to activate the noncanonical inflammasome (Case et al., 2013; Casson et al., 2013), in order to test the ability of Casp11 to form specks in the context of bacterial infection.