CAD: coronary artery disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; CKD: chronic kidney disease; PCSK9: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin kind 9; CHD: coronary heart disease; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; NNCAs: non-atherosclerotic coronary arteries; MI: myocardial infarction; CCCS: Collaborative Cardiac Care Service; OPCAB: off-pump coronary artery bypass; ICA: invasive coronary angiography; COD: coronary obstructive disease; EF: ejection fraction. The gene discussed is PCSK9; the disease is chronic kidney disease.