In the tumor microenvironment, the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis is hijacked by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance.[28] Inflammatory signaling pathways such as IFN‐γ, IFN‐α, IL‐6, and oncogenic signaling pathways promote tumor immune escape by up‐regulating PD‐L1 expression level in tumor cells. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.