Our data show that nivolumab remained bound to intratumoral CD8+, CD4+ effector T cells and Tregs > 7 days after the final infusion, as evidenced by reduced detection of PD-1 on TILs at the time of nephrectomy compared to naïve ccRCC specimens (Fig. 4). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.