Previous studies showed that COX-1 and COX-2 was upregulated in H. pylori gastritis, especially the mid glandular zone and lamina propria inflammatory cells in the human gastric mucosa (Jackson et al. 2000), and also acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model (Fagundes et al. 2020; Kolgazi et al. 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS1 and gastric ulcer.