SENP1 and cardiac hypertrophy: SENP1 deficiency weakens cardiac function and accelerates CM apoptosis, and these roles are regulated by the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α‐dependent pathway.[27] Furthermore, animal models lacking SENP1 exhibit exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy under stress stimuli, indicating a protective role for SENP1 in pathological cardiac remodeling.