Examination of the TME of the 5-FU + E.coli group showed no enhancement of CD4+ or CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (Appendix Fig. S3), indicating that the treatment combination was ineffective in elevating anticancer adaptive immunity (Vincent et al, 2010; Yamamura et al, 2015). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.