Lastly, since RNA-ribosome complex is necessary for protein translation, we extracted mixed ribosomes from cultured PCa cells (LNCaP, C4-2, PC3 and DU145) and validated the existence of circCCDC7(15,16,17,18,19), linear mRNA GAPDH and circFBXW7 in the complex, yet the traditional circITCH was not detected (Fig. 4e). Here, GAPDH is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.