Similar to results in brat-deficient brain tumours compared to controls brains, no changes are detected in GBM cell apoptosis as seen by TUNEL assays, whereas only 5–10% increase in cell death is seen via Annexin-5 and propidium iodide labelling in one of the two GSC lines examined (Fig. EV3F,G). This evidence concerns the gene ANXA5 and glioblastoma.