We observed MR evidence for associations between genetically regulated levels of 7 proteins and HF risk factors (Fig. 5a) including: SPON1, CCL15, and ITIH3 with hypertension; SVEP1 and SPON1 with atrial fibrillation; FSTL3 and NRP1 with diabetes; and APOF, CCL15, ITIH3, and NRP1 with CHD. The gene discussed is APOF; the disease is diabetes mellitus.