While pre-clinical data supports the involvement of most of these in HF development, circulating levels of only 8 have previously been associated with risk of incident HF and 10 with risk of adverse outcomes among patients with prevalent HF (excluding NT-proBNP and troponin T; Supplementary Data 12).These proteins tended to associate with both incident HFpEF and HFrEF but demonstrated differential associations with the development of HF risk factors and with alterations in cardiac function cross-sectionally. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is hydrops fetalis.