In the lumbar enlargement, there was a large increase in ephrinB2 protein expression in the SOD1 mutation ALS samples compared to the non-diseased controls (Figure 6) (non-ALS lumbar: 3.8±1.1 a.u.; ALS lumbar: 17.8±18.2; ALS cortex: 2.9±0.25; p=0.523, ANOVA). This evidence concerns the gene EFNB2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.