PNPLA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To investigate the molecular mechanism underpinning estradiol‐related PNPLA3 induction, human hepatoma HepG2 cells, homozygous for p.I148M, were treated with the ER‐α agonists tamoxifen and E2, resulting in upregulation of PNPLA3 mRNA expression, protein synthesis and accumulation on intracellular lipid droplets, and leading to increased intracellular lipid droplet content.