TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: Furthermore, emodin, rhein, and crocetin, which are also present in QDTS, have been reported to have beneficial effects in DN, such as enhancing the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), reducing renal fibrosis, regulating metabolism, and mitigating oxidative stress [[40], [41], [42]].