TNF and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: Related to the selective inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory mediator, thalidomide can be used to treat several inflammatory conditions such as AIDS-related aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum leprosum, graft-versus-host disease, multiple myeloma, systemic light chain amyloidosis, and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia [11,12].